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How to cite a website in IEEE

Citing a website in IEEE follows the same numbered pattern as every other IEEE reference, with one addition: an access date. IEEE asks for it because web pages are not archival sources, and this page shows exactly where it goes along with the quotation-mark and abbreviation rules that make IEEE distinctive.

Output style: IEEE

What IEEE needs from a web page

An IEEE web reference is a bracketed number followed by five parts. The order is fixed and the punctuation between them is what distinguishes IEEE from the numeric styles used in medicine.

  • Author or organisation, with initials before the surname for a person.
  • Page title in quotation marks, in sentence case.
  • Name of the website.
  • URL, written in full.
  • Access date in parentheses, with the month abbreviated: (accessed Aug. 20, 2026).

The bracketed number

IEEE cites everything by number. A web source gets the same treatment as a journal paper: a bracketed number assigned in order of first appearance, reused every time you mention the source again.

Single source: The standard defines three modes [1].

Several sources: as reported in [1], [3], [7]

A range: as shown in [1]–[4]

As a sentence element: Reference [1] describes the protocol in detail.

IEEE examples

Organisation as author

[1] IEEE Standards Association. “IEEE 802.11 working group.” IEEE. https://www.ieee802.org/11/ (accessed Aug. 20, 2026).

Named author

[2] N. Okafor. “Why sleep debt compounds.” Sleep Science Review. https://example.com/sleep-debt (accessed Aug. 20, 2026).

Technical documentation

[3] NVIDIA. “CUDA C++ programming guide.” NVIDIA Developer. https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/ (accessed Aug. 20, 2026).

What goes wrong

  • Author initials come before the surname: N. Okafor, never Okafor, N.
  • The access date is required for web sources and is abbreviated in the IEEE month style: Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept.
  • The bracketed number follows order of first appearance in your text, not the alphabet.
  • Page titles are in sentence case inside quotation marks; the site name is not italicised for a plain web page.
  • If the page is really a technical standard, cite it as a standard with its number and year instead.

Special cases

Engineering sources often look like web pages while actually being something with a proper citable form. These are the distinctions worth making.

A GitHub repositoryOwner as author, repository name in quotation marks, GitHub as the site, plus an access date. Use a Zenodo DOI if the project mints one.
A datasheetManufacturer as author, document title and number, then URL and access date. Datasheets are revised silently, so the date matters.
An IEEE standardCite it as a standard by title, number and year. Do not cite the page that hosts it.
An arXiv preprintCite by arXiv identifier, not by URL, and label it as a preprint.
Vendor documentationCompany as author, page title in quotation marks, documentation site name, URL and access date.
A blog post by a named engineerInitials before surname as with any IEEE author, then the post title and the site.

When a web source should not be a web source

Engineering writing has a habit of citing a URL for something that has a proper citable form, and IEEE reviewers notice. Before writing a web reference, it is worth asking whether the thing you are citing is really a web page or something else that happens to live on the web.

Standards are the clearest case. A standard has a number and a year, and IEEE cites it by those rather than by URL, because the number is stable and the hosting page is not. Software releases are similar: many projects mint a DOI through Zenodo for each release, and citing that DOI is both more precise and more durable than citing a repository URL that points at whatever the default branch contains today.

The same applies to preprints and technical reports. An arXiv paper has an identifier, a report has a number, and a dataset in a research repository has a DOI. A URL is the right locator only when there genuinely is no identifier, which for a company documentation page or a blog post is usually the case, and for anything published through a scholarly channel usually is not.

FAQ

Does IEEE require an access date for websites?

Yes. Unlike APA, which asks for one only on pages that change, IEEE treats every web source as needing an access date, because a web page has no fixed version the way a published paper does.

How do I cite a GitHub repository in IEEE?

Treat it as a web source: the owner or organisation as author, the repository name in quotation marks, GitHub as the site, the URL, and an access date. If the project has issued a release DOI through Zenodo, cite that instead, since it is stable.

How do I cite a datasheet or technical document in IEEE?

Give the manufacturer as author, the document title in quotation marks, the document number if there is one, and then the URL with an access date. Datasheets are revised silently, so the access date matters more here than usual.

Do I italicise anything in an IEEE web reference?

For a plain web page, no. The page title sits in quotation marks and the site name is plain. Italics are for journal and book titles, which a web page does not have.

What if the page has no author or organisation?

Start with the page title in quotation marks, then the site name. In engineering writing this usually indicates a low-quality source, so it is worth asking whether a better one exists.

How do I write the access date?

In parentheses at the very end, with the month abbreviated: (accessed Aug. 20, 2026). IEEE abbreviates all months except May, June and July.

How many authors before I use et al. in IEEE?

IEEE lists all authors in the reference list regardless of number, and this differs from the medical numeric styles that cut off at six. Web sources rarely have long author lists, so it seldom comes up here.

Should a URL be a live hyperlink in the submitted document?

Follow your venue's template. IEEE conference and journal templates generally want plain text rather than styled links, because the reference list is typeset from the source file.